Task 2

Please read the excerpts from the texts and select the correct answer according to the given example.

Life in the USA

1. In the United States, the public school systems are primarily funded by state and local governments, with federal contributions making up a smaller portion. The quality and resources of schools can vary significantly depending on the wealth of the surrounding community. Wealthier areas often have access to more funding, which can translate to better facilities and academic opportunities. Meanwhile, schools in less affluent communities may struggle with outdated resources and larger class sizes. The debate over educational equity continues to be a heated topic among policymakers and communities.

From this text, we understand that:

c) Federal funding is the primary source of school income. b) All schools receive the same funding. a) School funding is largely dependent on local wealth.

2. The concept of tipping in the United States can be confusing for visitors. Tipping is customary in many service-based industries such as restaurants, hotels, and personal care services. It's generally expected to tip around 15-20% at restaurants, and a modest tip is appreciated for other services. However, tipping can also lead to controversy, as some argue that it places undue burden on consumers to supplement the income of service workers, who often earn below minimum wage without tips. This has led to discussions about changing wage structures to make service jobs less dependent on tips.

According to the text, tipping in the USA is:

b) A custom tied to wage issues in the service industry. a) Voluntary and not practiced widely. c) Required by law to be at least 20%.

3. The American healthcare system is unique in its combination of private and public funding. While programs like Medicare and Medicaid provide assistance to specific groups, such as the elderly and low-income individuals, many Americans rely on private health insurance, often through their employers. Healthcare costs in the U.S. are among the highest globally, leading to ongoing debates about how to reform the system to improve access and affordability. Various proposals have included expanding public coverage and reducing drug prices, but the political landscape makes reform challenging.

This text implies that the U.S. healthcare system:

b) Is entirely funded by the government. c) Provides universal coverage to all citizens. a) Is a mix of private and public insurance.

4. In recent years, the U.S. has seen a rise in small urban farms, often located in cities, driven by a growing interest in sustainability and local food production. These farms aim to improve access to fresh produce in urban areas, particularly in food deserts where options for healthy foods are limited. Urban farming can also educate communities about agriculture and promote environmentally friendly practices. Challenges include space limitations and regulatory hurdles, but many urban farms innovate by using rooftop gardens and hydroponic systems.

Urban farming in the U.S. is primarily:

a) The main source of food for most cities. b) A response to sustainability and food access needs. c) Only practiced in rural areas.

5. The internet has drastically changed the way Americans work, introducing the gig economy as a popular model for employment. Platforms like Uber, Lyft, and TaskRabbit have created opportunities for individuals to work flexible hours and be their own bosses. This gig economy offers freedom but often lacks the benefits and stability of traditional jobs, such as health insurance and retirement plans. As this shift continues, discussions about the rights and protections for gig workers intensify, with some calling for new regulations to address these concerns.

The gig economy in the U.S.:

b) Ensures health insurance for all workers. a) Is known for offering extensive job security. c) Provides flexible work but with limited benefits.

6. Seasonal changes in the U.S. showcase a variety of climates across the country, from the cold, snowy winters of the Northeast to the mild, wet winters of the Pacific Northwest. California enjoys a Mediterranean climate with dry summers, while the Southeastern states experience humid, subtropical conditions. These diverse weather patterns influence everything from regional agriculture to daily life, requiring residents to adapt to their specific environmental conditions throughout the year.

According to the text, the climate in the U.S.:

a) Varies greatly depending on the region. b) Is predominantly Mediterranean. c) Does not affect agricultural practices.

7. Volunteerism is a significant aspect of American culture, with millions of people engaging in volunteer work each year. Many Americans are motivated by a sense of civic duty and a desire to give back to their communities. Volunteering can take many forms, from working in food banks to participating in community clean-up projects. Non-profit organizations, schools, and religious groups frequently organize volunteer events, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose among participants.

The main motivation for volunteering in the U.S. is:

b) A sense of civic duty and community involvement. c) Legal requirements. a) Financial compensation.

8. The American diet is diverse, influenced by a multicultural society. Fast food is widely popular, known for its convenience and affordability. However, there's a growing trend towards organic and locally sourced foods as people become more health-conscious. Farmers' markets and health food stores are becoming common in both urban and suburban settings, reflecting a shift towards healthier eating habits. This change is partly driven by increased awareness of the nutritional value and environmental impact of food choices.

The trend in American eating habits is towards:

b) A decline in multicultural food options. c) Healthier, organic, and locally sourced foods. a) Increased consumption of fast food.

9. Public transportation in the United States varies greatly by city. In metropolitan areas like New York City and Chicago, public transit systems are extensive and heavily utilized. However, in many smaller towns and rural areas, public transport options are limited, making personal vehicles a necessity. Efforts are ongoing to expand and improve public transit to reduce environmental impact and improve accessibility, but significant challenges remain, including funding and urban planning constraints.

Public transportation in the U.S.:

a) Is more developed in large cities than rural areas. c) Usually makes personal vehicles unnecessary. b) Is consistently available nationwide.

10. The tech industry in Silicon Valley is emblematic of American innovation. Known for its startups and established tech giants like Apple and Google, Silicon Valley attracts talent from around the globe. This concentration of innovative companies and skilled workers fosters an environment of rapid technological advancement. However, it also contributes to the area's high cost of living and significant income disparity among residents. Efforts to address these issues include affordable housing initiatives and community support programs.

Silicon Valley is characterized by:

a) Uniform income levels among residents. b) High innovation and economic disparity. c) Predominantly traditional industries.